In Scotland, the word is still used mainly in this way, especially when referring to a multi-occupancy building. The word is also used in this way for some legal purposes. For example, a "dominant tenement" is an estate with the benefit of an easement , while a "servient tenement" is an estate that is subject to the burden of an easement.
In the U. This type of building typically has many units under one roof, divided by walls to give each family privacy. The rental agreement usually involves a contract that specifies the period the apartment will be leased out to the tenant and the cost of renting the property.
During the Industrial Revolution, many tenements were built to house working-class families, many of whom were moving to cities to work manufacturing jobs. Other buildings, such as middle-class houses or warehouses, were repurposed as tenements. These repurposed buildings were known as "rookeries," after the term for a collection of nests.
In the New York State Legislature passed the Tenement House Act, which defined a tenement as any building rented out to at least three families, each of which lives independently but shares halls, stairways and yards. Some of the most well-known tenements existed on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in the nineteenth century. Many of these were three- and four-story buildings converted into so-called "railroad flats," many of whose rooms lacked windows. These buildings were poorly regulated and were under constant threat of collapse or fire.
Communal water taps and water closets could often be found in the narrow spaces between tenements. An report asserted that , people lived in tenements. The Tenement Act of improved tenement conditions dramatically, mandating better lighting and fireproofing, as well as requiring privies to be replaced with indoor toilet facilities connected to the city sewers.
John F. Bauman, Roger Biles, and Kristin M. Words related to tenement boarding house , coop , high-rise , slum , cooperative , den , digs , dump , flat , pad , rental. How to use tenement in a sentence She got involved with the early labor movement and with tenement reform. The Garret and the Garden R. Also called: tenement building now esp in Scotland a large building divided into separate flats. The Tenement House Act of defined tenements for the first time and issued construction regulation for tenement housing but there was little done to enforce this new rules Tenements.
For most of the general public, the truth about the overcrowded conditions and mortality rate was unknown until this book was publish; For example, 12 adults would sleep in a confine of 13ft, and the infant mortality rate was 1 in After further investigation, including two major studies completed in the s, New York City officials passed the Tenement House Law in , prohibiting the construction of new tenements on foot lots and made improved sanitary living conditions fire escapes, access to light, etc.
Under the new legislation, over , apartments were built and supervised by city authorities within the succeeding 15 years. Additionally, programs included in President Franklin D. Both of these groups of new arrivals concentrated themselves on the Lower East Side, moving into row houses that had been converted from single-family dwellings into multiple-apartment tenements, or into new tenement housing built specifically for that purpose.
A typical tenement building had five to seven stories and occupied nearly all of the lot upon which it was built usually 25 feet wide and feet long, according to existing city regulations. Many tenements began as single-family dwellings, and many older structures were converted into tenements by adding floors on top or by building more space in rear-yard areas.
With less than a foot of space between buildings, little air and light could get in. In many tenements, only the rooms on the street got any light, and the interior rooms had no ventilation unless air shafts were built directly into the room. Later, speculators began building new tenements, often using cheap materials and construction shortcuts. Even new, this kind of housing was at best uncomfortable and at worst highly unsafe.
New York was not the only city in America where tenement housing emerged as a way to accommodate a growing population during the s. Unlike in New York, where tenements were highly concentrated in the poorest neighborhoods of the city, in Chicago they tended to cluster around centers of employment, such as stockyards and slaughterhouses.
Nowhere, however, did the tenement situation become as dire as it was in New York, particularly on the Lower East Side. A cholera epidemic in took some 5, lives, many of them poor people living in overcrowded housing.
During the infamous New York draft riots that tore apart the city in , rioters were not only protesting against the new military conscription policy; they were also reacting to the intolerable conditions in which many of them were living.
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