Related Events Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery and released on bail. Montgomery leaders organize boycott. Boycott leaflets distributed. Joe Azbell reports on boycott plans; ministers announce one-day boycott. Montgomery bus boycott begins. MIA forms; elects King president. King speaks at Holt Street Baptist Church. Jemison; MIA approves car pool. MIA announces car pool. Committee formed to resolve crisis; deadlocks on resolution to postpone boycott. Mayor's committee meets. MIA leaders meet with city commission.
MIA decides to boycott buses indefinitely. Mayor's committee disagrees on recommendation maintaining bus segregation. Gayle suspends discussions; MIA executive board declines King's resignation offer; crowd at mass meeting affirms support for boycott. Fred Gray and Charles Langford file anti-segregation petition. Montgomery grand jury indicts bus boycott leaders. King begins boycott trial; holds mass meeting at St. John AME Church. King found guilty of leading illegal boycott; announces boycott will continue.
Cities nationwide demonstrate support for boycott. Blake pulled away before she could re-board the bus. Although Parks has sometimes been depicted as a woman with no history of civil rights activism at the time of her arrest, she and her husband Raymond were, in fact, active in the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP , and Parks served as its secretary. Upon her arrest, Parks called E. Nixon, a prominent Black leader, who bailed her out of jail and determined she would be an upstanding and sympathetic plaintiff in a legal challenge of the segregation ordinance.
African American leaders decided to attack the ordinance using other tactics as well. Black ministers announced the boycott in church on Sunday, December 4, and the Montgomery Advertiser , a general-interest newspaper, published a front-page article on the planned action. The group elected Martin Luther King, Jr. Initially, the demands did not include changing the segregation laws; rather, the group demanded courtesy, the hiring of Black drivers, and a first-come, first-seated policy, with whites entering and filling seats from the front and African Americans from the rear.
Ultimately, however, a group of five Montgomery women, represented by attorney Fred D. District Court, seeking to have the busing segregation laws totally invalidated. Many Black residents chose simply to walk to work or other destinations. Black leaders organized regular mass meetings to keep African American residents mobilized around the boycott. On June 5, , a Montgomery federal court ruled that any law requiring racially segregated seating on buses violated the 14th Amendment to the U.
That amendment, adopted in following the U. Civil War , guarantees all citizens—regardless of race—equal rights and equal protection under state and federal laws. The city appealed to the U. It had lasted days. Integration, however, met with significant resistance and even violence. While the buses themselves were integrated, Montgomery maintained segregated bus stops. Snipers began firing into buses, and one shooter shattered both legs of a pregnant African American passenger.
On January 30, , the Montgomery police arrested seven bombers; all were members of the Ku Klux Klan , a white supremacist group. The arrests largely brought an end to the busing-related violence. King, Testimony in State of Alabama v.
King to the National City Lines, Inc. Carson et al. Nelson to King, 21 March , in Papers — Rustin to King, 23 December , in Papers — Document Research Requests. The Institute cannot give permission to use or reproduce any of the writings, statements, or images of Martin Luther King, Jr. Skip to content Skip to navigation. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute.
Search form Search. Back to the King Encyclopedia. Montgomery Bus Boycott. December 5, to December 20, Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter. King, Stride Toward Freedom , Parks and Haskins, Rosa Parks , Robinson, Montgomery Bus Boycott , Stanley Rowland, Jr.
This entry is part of the following collection Montgomery Bus Boycott. Mary Louise Smith arrested in Montgomery. Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery and released on bail. Montgomery leaders organize boycott. MIA forms; elects King president. King speaks at Holt Street Baptist Church. Jemison; MIA approves car pool. Nixon's yard bombed. Montgomery grand jury indicts bus boycott leaders. Bayard Rustin visits Montgomery. Glenn Smiley interviews King in Montgomery.
In Friendship holds founding conference in New York.
0コメント