Since the s the city's older core has undergone a considerable transformation. City planners studied land-use proposals; civic politicians debated and redesigned some of them; and private developers financed much of the new building. Downtown, a forest of to storey office and hotel towers, including the Bentall, Royal, Pacific and Vancouver centres, has replaced the two and three-storey retail blocks of the pre- First World War era.
In the s, Simon Fraser University established in opened a satellite campus in the downtown core its main campus is on Burnaby Mountain.
As a landmark, Canada Place includes the room Pan Pacific Hotel —86 , built for Expo 86, now a trade and convention facility and cruise ship terminal. The city is a popular terminus for cruise ships going to Alaska. A dramatic indication of the city's post-industrial status are False Creek, off English Bay, and Granville Island within it. From the city's earliest days this area, with its easy access to trackage and water transport, was the site of rail yards, sawmills, machine shops and related industries.
By the s, changing technology in the lumber industry and the obsolescence of old plants turned False Creek into a decaying industrial centre. After much study and controversy, the city decided in that townhouses and apartments should be built on the southeast side of False Creek. The Village is now a mixed-use residential community with approximately 1, residential units. It continues to provide space for rail yards and various commercial enterprises.
On the north side of the creek, on land formerly occupied by the CPR yards, the provincial government opened a 60,seat sports stadium in , the first stage in the BC Place development. The main occupant of the former site of Expo 86 is Concord Pacific Place, a complex of office towers, recreational space and high-rise luxury apartment buildings.
Eventually, it became a community of individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds, the majority of whom were drawn from the working classes. Local businesses were adversely affected by the termination of streetcar service as well as the North Shore Ferry Service Also in the late s, the city initiated an expansive urban renewal project, demolishing some of the poorest dwellings and replacing them with public housing projects.
The Strathcona Property Owners and Tenants Association vigorously opposed further urban renewal fearing that it would destroy their community.
In the city announced plans to construct a freeway that would bifurcate Chinatown. The resulting protest not only from Strathcona residents and Chinatown merchants, but also from community planners, heritage advocates and interested citizens led the city to cancel the freeway plan. Today, local residences and business owners along with all three levels of government are working hard to revitalize the area and showcase its dynamism, diversity and heritage. In the West End, private developers, encouraged by new zoning regulations, began in the s to build high-rise apartment blocks in place of the apartment and rooming houses that had been carved out of the large homes of the city's early well-to-do residents.
By the West End was noted for the density of its population. Paradoxically, Vancouver had once prided itself as a city of owner-occupied, single-family detached homes.
Most homes and this is still true of most neighbourhoods outside the West End were of wood-frame construction, often influenced by California architectural styles. The expansion of the s, which saw Vancouver attain its status as the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, is explained by the annexation of the adjacent bedroom municipalities of Point Grey and South Vancouver in , natural increase, renewed immigration from Britain and the beginning of significant migration from the prairies.
After a brief wartime and postwar spurt, the rate of population growth tapered off. The census recorded an absolute decline in the city proper, while the population of Greater Vancouver passed the one million mark for the first time. High real estate values in the city have led young families to live in suburban municipalities, especially Burnaby , Coquitlam , Delta , the city and district of North Vancouver , Richmond and Surrey. According to the census, the population in the metropolitan area was 2,,, while the population of the city proper was , From the first year for which statistics are available to , people of British ethnic origin — many of them Canadian born — formed three-quarters of the population and dominated the elite.
During roughly the same time period, Asian people, who made up a significant portion of the non-British population, experienced a series of now-notorious racist events: there was an anti-Chinese riot in , an anti-Asian riot in , the Komagata Maru incident of , and the internment of Japanese Canadians in These events demonstrated the hostility that Vancouver residents, like other British Columbians, felt towards Asian people. After the Second World War , the easing of immigration restrictions and the attractiveness of a booming economy drew new immigrants who made Vancouver more cosmopolitan.
According to the census, Chinese people make up the largest ethnic group, at Visible minorities account for Language statistics paint a similar picture: at 51 per cent of the population, those with English as their mother tongue comprise the largest group, followed by native Cantonese speakers According to the census, the largest number of Vancouver residents are employed in professional, scientific, and technical services, followed by health care and social assistance, retail trade, accommodation and food service.
Vancouver was the child of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Almost from the city's beginning, trans-Pacific ships, including the Canadian Pacific's Empress liners, called regularly.
Coastal steamship companies, including CP Navigation and Union Steamships, made Vancouver their headquarters and eastern businesses established their Pacific coast branches in Vancouver. Inland trade developed slowly owing to the lack of direct rail connections and discriminatory freight rates, which put wholesalers at a disadvantage relative to Calgary and Winnipeg in securing the trade of BC's interior. In response, the provincial government offered aid to new railways, including the Pacific Great Eastern and the Canadian Northern Pacific.
The province's successful campaign for freight-rate reduction enabled Vancouver to become a grain-exporting port. The port itself expanded greatly and came under the jurisdiction of a federal agency, the National Harbours Board, in By , Vancouver ranked first among Canadian ports in tonnage, a position it still retains. The shipment of grain as well as lumber, potash and coal, necessitated the construction of specialized port facilities.
The port was also extended east to Port Moody and south to the Roberts Bank coal and container terminals In , the separate port authorities governing Vancouver, the Fraser River and the North Fraser were combined to form Port Metro Vancouver, one of the city's largest employers.
International and domestic carriers use the Vancouver International Airport, which the federal government expanded significantly after buying it from the city in In , the federal government transferred control of the airport to the Vancouver International Airport Authority, which, using the brand "YVR, " has built major new runways, opened a new international terminal and expanded the domestic terminal.
The introduction of the "open skies " policy greatly expanded the number of direct flights to the United States, the most popular international destination. YVR announced its intentions to upgrade facilities and services in an effort to target traffic from Asia-Pacific in An inter-urban line to New Westminster and Chilliwack was one of the first electric railways in Canada see Street Railways.
By the s, as buses and private automobiles became more popular, passenger service was abandoned, but much of the line still carries freight. In , the SkyTrain , an elevated railway except in the downtown, where it is underground opened to serve much of the city, Burnaby and New Westminster.
In , the SkyTrain was extended to serve the growing suburb of Surrey. In , the new Canada Line linked downtown with the airport and the suburb of Richmond. Vancouver is the centre for an active publishing industry. In addition, the University of British Columbia Press is a major publisher of academic books, and many smaller publishers specialize in regional studies, self-help books and literature. He spent one day here, which is long enough to discover the Spanish had already claimed the place and headed off again.
During that day, British Captain Vancouver met with Spanish captains Valdez and Galiano and one of Vancouver's best beaches, Spanish Banks is named for the meeting place. That's also the same reason English Bay got its name. Note however, that the Bay is bigger than the Banks and there are a ton more streets in Vancouver named after the British. There is a Vancouver Street but confusingly, it's in the suburb of New Westminster!
Even though he was wrong about his travel plan, the river was still named for him. It was the first permanent non-native settlement in the Vancouver area.
Since , the company has occupied a prime location at the corner of Georgia and Granville streets in Vancouver's downtown core and they're still trading. The business flopped amid much guffawing and many an "I told you so" from the local population. They were called the "Three Greenhorns"; the area is now known as the West End, one of the most populated places in North America.
And there's no shortage of brickwork in the surrounding buildings. It became so popular that a community built up around the place and called itself Gastown. Port Moody was miffed but Granville grew like wildfire. Fortes, from Barbados, had been living in Liverpool working as a bath attendant and swimming instructor. He was heading for Victoria when the ship foundered. It was towed into English Bay and Fortes thought the place looked good enough to stay.
Many early Vancouverites learned how to swim with his meaty hands holding them up in the waters of English Bay. When he died in , the City paid for his funeral and thousands of people lined Granville and Hastings Streets to say goodbye.
The first mayor was realtor M. On June 13, a brush fire got away and burnt the city to the ground in less than 30 minutes. McLean, knowing the value of real estate, got rebuilding going in a matter of days.
The cemetery stretched from Brockton Point to the Nine o'clock Gun. Why was it closed? In , the road that would eventually wind around Stanley Park was first constructed in the Brockton Point area. The first perimeter road around Stanley Park was paved with the shells from native middens refuse heaps in the park.
A second version was built in The one that's there now is the third, built in Electric streetcars began operating the same year. Up until that time you had to walk through bushes to get to it. A large rock on the beach separated men and women bathers. The wonderful advertisements and illustrations also provide a fascinating insight into the social norms, fashions and attitudes prevailing throughout the period.
Many of the street names in Vancouver have changed or have fallen into disuse over the years. This book meticulously documents these changes and is a great complement to the Vancouver city directories. Many of the entries include details of how and why a street was named and give a brief history of some of the earliest pioneers and settlers in Vancouver. The book also includes informative maps from Bruce Macdonald's invaluable book on the history and growth of Vancouver: Vancouver: a Visual History , Vancouver: Talonbooks, We are very grateful to Elizabeth Walker and the Vancouver Historical Society for granting permission to digitise this book.
We would also like to thank Bruce Macdonald for allowing us to digitise the maps that are included in the book.
Find historical information about your Vancouver house using the resources on our Vancouver Land and Buildings guide page. Vancouver Public library has a significant collection of digitised photographs of British Columbia and the Yukon. The images depict places, people, businesses, transportation, activities and events pertaining to the history of B. To search the historical photographs' database go to: Historical Photographs of British Columbia.
Fire Insurance maps for a number of communities in British Columbia, including Vancouver, are now available online at: Library and Archives Canada. We are grateful to the Irving K. We would particularly like to thank the University of British Columbia Library for microfilming the directories and for permitting us to scan from these microfilms. First Victoria Directory. San Francisco Dept Directory. British Columbia Guide and Directory.
Pacific Coast Business Directory Part 1. Pacific Coast Business Directory Part 2. Pacific Coast Business Directory Part 3. First Victoria Directory 2nd Issue. First Victoria Directory 3rd Issue. First Victoria Directory 4th Issue. First Victoria Directory 5th Issue. Cubery's Visitor's Guide to Victoria. Pacific Coast Shippers' Index.
Guide to the Province of BC. Pacific Coast Directory. British Columbia Directory. Disturnell's Business Directory of the West Coast. McKenney's Pacific Coast Directory. Puget Sound Directory. The New West. Vancouver City Directory Williams'. Henderson's BC Gazetteer and Directory. Williams' BC Directory. First History of Rossland. Henderson's City of Vancouver Directory. Henderson's City of Victoria Directory. New Westminster and Burrard Inlet Telephone. Williams' Victoria and Nanaimo Cities Directory.
Williams' British Columbia Directory Part 1.
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