Drinking about 2 to 3 quarts of water a day is usually recommended for someone with a history of kidney stones unless on a fluid-restricted diet. Diets low in protein can help reduce the chances of developing some types of kidney stones. Besides dietary adjustments, your doctor may prescribe medicines that help control the amounts of certain minerals from developing in the urine.
Some people get calcium kidney stones because of excessive production of hormones by the parathyroid glands. Surgically removing one or more of these glands can stop kidney stones from forming. If you have kidney stones you may be at a higher risk for chronic kidney disease. Be sure to talk to your doctor about ways to prevent the kidney stones from coming back and how to keep your kidneys healthy.
Find out how you can partner with your nephrologist, gain emotional support and continue to live well after a kidney disease diagnosis. From kidney disease basics to treatment options and patient stories, watch videos that will help you learn more about kidney disease.
Download Now. Take control of your kidney health. Attend a no-cost virtual class online or via telephone from the comfort of home , or find an in-person class where available. Symptoms of kidney stones You may not know you have a kidney stone unless it causes pain, is large and blocks the flow of urine or is being passed. Other symptoms include: Bloody or cloudy urine that smells bad.
Share Print. The stone will be analyzed after it comes out of your body, and your doctor will test your blood for calcium, phosphorus and uric acid. The doctor may also ask that you collect your urine for 24 hours to test for calcium and uric acid.
There are four types of stones. Studying the stone can help understand why you have it and how to reduce the risk of further stones. The most common type of stone contains calcium. Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet. The kidney usually removes extra calcium that the body doesn't need. Often people with stones keep too much calcium. This calcium combines with waste products like oxalate to form a stone.
The most common combination is called calcium oxalate. Less common types of stones are: Infection-related stones, containing magnesium and ammonia called struvite stones and stones formed from monosodium urate crystals, called uric acid stones, which might be related to obesity and dietary factors.
The rarest type of stone is a cvstine stone that tends to run in families. Kidney stones increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Drinking enough fluid will help keep your urine less concentrated with waste products. Darker urine is more concentrated, so your urine should appear very light yellow to clear if you are well hydrated. Most of the fluid you drink should be water. Most people should drink more than 12 glasses of water a day.
Speak with a healthcare professional about the right amount of water that's best for you. Sugar and high-fructose corn syrup should be limited to small quantities. Eat more fruits and vegetables, which make the urine less acid.
When the urine is less acid, then stones may be less able to form. Animal protein produces urine that has more acid, which can then increase your risk for kidney stones. You can reduce excess salt in your diet. What foods are high in salt? Everyone thinks of salty potato chips and French fries. Those should be rarely eaten. There are other products that are salty: sandwich meats, canned soups, packaged meals, and even sports drinks.
You want to try to get to a normal weight if you are overweight. But, high-protein weight loss diets that include high amounts of animal-based protein, as well as crash diets can add to the risk of stone formation. You need adequate protein, but it needs to be part of a balanced diet.
Seek guidance from a registered dietitian when embarking on a weight loss diet or any dietary interventions to reduce the risk of kidney stones. Don't be confused about having a "calcium" stone. Dairy products have calcium, but they actually help prevent stones, because calcium binds with oxalate before it gets into the kidneys. People with the lowest dietary calcium intake have an increased risk of kidney stones. A stone can form from salt, the waste products of protein, and potassium.
The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. Most kidney stones are formed when oxalate, a by product of certain foods, binds to calcium as urine is being made by the kidneys. Both oxalate and calcium are increased when the body doesn't have enough fluids and also has too much salt. Based on blood and urine tests, your doctor will determine which types of dietary changes are needed in your particular case.
Some herbal substances are promoted as helping prevent stones. You should know that there is insufficient published medical evidence to support the use of any herb or supplement in preventing stones. To guide you, they need to know your medical history and the food you eat.
Here are some questions you might ask:. Kidney stones are found in children as young as 5 years. In fact, this problem is so common in children that some hospitals conduct 'stone' clinics for pediatric patients. The increase in the United States has been attributed to several factors, mostly related to food choices.
Kidney stones develop when waste builds up in the kidneys. Drinking plenty of water helps to lower the ratio of waste to fluid passing through the kidneys. In addition, your doctor may recommend diet changes based on your stone risk profile to prevent kidney stones in the future.
For example, a high-sodium diet increases the amount of calcium in urine, which can trigger kidney stones. Guidelines recommend limiting sodium to 2, milligrams per day. However, if you have a history of kidney stones, you should aim to keep sodium intake under 1, milligrams. You should also get plenty of calcium in your diet that helps with oxalate stones, and eat fruits and vegetables, which can lower acid levels in your urine.
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