Some examples of vocal tics are throat clearing, making clicking sounds, repeated sniffing, yelping, or shouting. In rare cases, people with TS might have a tic that makes them harm themselves, such as head banging. At certain times, like when someone is under stress, the tics can become more severe, happen more often, or last longer. Or, the type of tic may change. Some people may be able to suppress their tics for a short time. But tension builds, and it eventually has to be released as a tic.
And if a person is concentrating on controlling the tic, it may be hard to focus on anything else. This can make it hard for teens with Tourette syndrome to have a conversation or pay attention in class. Many teens with Tourette syndrome also have other conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD , obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD , learning disabilities, and anxiety.
Tics should be checked out by a doctor. Some family doctors may refer a person with Tourette symptoms to neurologist a doctor who specializes in problems with the nervous system.
The neurologist may ask the person to keep track of the kinds of tics involved and how often they happen. For a diagnosis of TS, a person must have several different types of tics — specifically, multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic — for at least a year.
They may happen every day or from time to time throughout the year. There isn't a specific test for Tourette syndrome. Instead, the doctor looks at the family history, the medical history, and the person's symptoms to make a diagnosis.
There's no cure for Tourette syndrome, but most of the time no treatment is needed. A kid with Tourette syndrome is able to deal with the tics and still do normal stuff, like go to school and play with friends. If tics are making it hard to do normal stuff, a doctor may suggest medicine.
Visiting a psychologist or psychiatrist can be helpful, too. Tourette syndrome isn't a psychological problem, but a therapist can teach coping and relaxation skills that can help. They can also help with other problems that can be connected to Tourette syndrome, like ADHD and anxiety. Stress or being upset can make the tics worse, and kids with Tourette syndrome might feel upset because of the tics and the problems that go with them. Counselors and Tourette syndrome organizations can help kids learn how to explain tics to others.
Kids who have Tourette syndrome want to be treated like everybody else. They can do regular stuff, just like other kids. Many kids with Tourette syndrome get better as they get older. But, some people will always live with Tourette syndrome. The good news is that it won't make them less intelligent, and adults with Tourette syndrome can lead normal, happy lives.
Reviewed by: Shirin Hasan, MD. Any sensations that are triggering the tics are also identified. Once the patient is aware of the tic, they can develop an alternative and less noticeable way of relieving the uncomfortable sensations that are stirring.
This is called a competing response. For example, if an unpleasant sensation in the throat makes the person feel the need to grunt or clear their throat, they can learn to relieve the sensation by taking a series of deep breaths instead. Habit reversal therapy often includes relaxation therapy.
Stress or anxiety may make tics more severe and more frequent. Deep breathing and visualization may help relieve anxiety, often resulting in fewer and less severe tics.
Acupuncture and hypnosis have been proposed as possible therapies. A number of dietary factors have been suggested , such as a higher intake of vitamin B or vitamin D , but these have not been supported by research. However, exercise and a healthful diet can help reduce stress and enhance a sense of wellbeing, which may help reduce the severity and frequency of tics. Surgery is usually only considered for adult patients with severe symptoms who have not responded well to other treatments.
Limbic leucotomy : An electric current or pulse of radiation is used to burn away a small part of the limbic system, which is responsible for some emotions, behavior and memory. This may resolve the problem partially or fully. They are connected to small generators that are implanted inside the body. An electronic pulse passes from the generator to the electrodes, stimulating different parts of the brain.
Activities that may help include engaging in competitive sports, playing an enjoyable computer game, or reading an interesting book. However, overexcitement can be a trigger for some people, so some activities can have the opposite effect. Many people learn how to control the tics when at work or school, for example, but suppressing tics may increase tension, until the tic can be expressed. Over time, the types, frequency, and severity of tics may change.
Tics tend to be most severe during the teenage years, but they often improve during early adulthood. Overview Tourette too-RET syndrome is a disorder that involves repetitive movements or unwanted sounds tics that can't be easily controlled. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Jankovic J. Tourette syndrome. Accessed Nov. Ferri FF. Tourette's syndrome. Philadelphia, Pa. Hallett M. Tourette syndrome: Update.
Zhang JG, et al. Long-term outcomes of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Gilbert DL, et al. Pharmacological treatment of Tourette syndrome.
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