Several ways exist of separating salt from water with basic equipment, and other ways that you can use without spending money on equipment that involves boiling the water.
Here are 5 ways in which you can make sea or salt water drinkable. The first 3 ways that I will discuss will be fun innovative ways that can be done with basic stuff from home.
The last 2 ways are by using two different but handy devices that are available to purchase. You will want to place a metal cup or another type of cup that can withstand hot temperatures in the center of the pot, then slowly pour the saltwater in the pot so it surrounds the cup. Be Careful not to get ANY saltwater in the cup because this is where your fresh water will be collected.
Then put a lid that has a handle in the center upside down on the pot so that as the water steams evaporates the lid will catch the water particles and drip down off the lid handle and into the cup.
Next, slowly bring the water to a boil. It is a good idea to set your stove to low heat so that the water will not splash around and into your cup. Additionally, you will want to leave a decent space between the top of your cup and the water level in the pan. Watch the water as it begins to boil and condenses. The condensed water droplets that collect on the lid and drip into your cup will have left behind all the dissolved salt. This process may take up to 30 minutes.
Once the water in your cup has reached a desirable level then turn the stove off so it may cool. You may want to carefully remove the cup from the pot so that it can cool faster. This next innovative way to distill water is called solar desalination.
First, collect salt or seawater in the large bowl or container. Then place an empty smaller bowl or container in the center of the larger one. Next, you will take a sheet of plastic wrap and cover the larger bowl with it. Lastly, place a small rock or pebble in the middle of your plastic wrap directly over your empty smaller cup or bowl.
Make sure that you have placed your set up in direct sunlight so that the solar desalination process can take effect without hindrance. The sun will help the water evaporate and the plastic wrap will catch the condensation which will run down the plastic to the rock weighted spot where it will drip into the freshwater cup.
After only a few hours… the length of time it takes is the downside… it will give you fresh water to drink! It is important to note that direct sunlight is important for this process to work well just like when using a bowl inside a smaller bowl method mentioned above in the 2 method. The exciting thing about this solar desalination process is that it only requires one water collection container, plastic sheet or something similar, and rocks. The more salt there is to filter out, the more energy required.
But brackish water is not as prevalent as ocean water. But companies are working on it. Israel invested in a large desalination plant in and will be producing enough water to supply half the country by the end of Yes, building desalination plants is very costly 1 billion USD for the largest plant in the US but it is a safety net for places where drought conditions persist and freshwater is limited or lacking entirely.
California is building seventeen new desalination plants after years of severe drought. Desalination is being used as a last resort in California. Cities in California have tried investing in infrastructure for desalination previously.
Santa Barbara built a desalination plant years ago and is just now restarting it after initial costs were too high to run the plant previously. It will cost 55 million USD to restart and maintain. Water obtained from desalination costs twice the amount of water from freshwater sources. The only way desalination can be a good option to solving the water crisis is if renewable energy is used, costs are lowered, and environmental protections are put in place for marine life too. Companies and countries and trying to lower the amount of energy needed to desalinate water and look into using cleaner energy sources.
For example, Saudi Arabia has pushed to use solar energy to power desalination plants. In California, the California Coastkeepers Alliance is working with desalination plants on a plan to make sure marine life is minimally harmed by using techniques sub-surface water intake as opposed to sucking in water from the surface where marine life is more prevalent. Desalination does allow for severely water-stressed areas to have their own water source, but it still comes at a high cost.
Combining renewable energy with improved technology could make desalination a more viable option. But it's still not going to be a first choice for most countries.
The distillation process mimics the natural water cycle in that salt water is heated, producing water vapor that is in turn condensed to form fresh water. One such treatment process is called Multi-Stage Flash Distillation. Another desalination treatment process with the most expanded use is membrane-based reverse osmosis. In this process, pressure is applied to the water, which allows water to flow through a membrane, leaving the ions, salts, and other dissolved solids and nonvolatile organics behind.
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